Highlights and other tweets of the 22nd New Phytologist Symposium "Effectors in plant-microbe interactions", INRA Versailles Research Centre, Paris, France, 13-16 September 2009.

View symposium photos at http://tinyurl.com/lhdkrd 9:32 AM Sep 17th from web

Amphiteatre at INRA Versailles http://tinyurl.com/lhdkrd 4:28 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Photo of Tour Eiffel taken by Ulla Bonas during symposium dinner cruise http://tinyurl.com/lhdkrd 4:26 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Gerald Reeck: RNAi knockdown of aphid salivary gland secreted protein C002 results in lower survival on plants 3:33 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Philippe Remigi runner-up of poster competition "GALA effectors of Ralstonia solanacearum" 2:35 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Jonathan Jones: Illumina sequencing of two Albugo spp (white rust oomycetes), no apparent RXLR family, candidate effectors identified 2:23 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Jonathan Jones: Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis RXLR effectors delivered into Arabidopsis via T3SS, most enhance bacterial virulence 2:03 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Johana Misas-Villamil runner-up of poster competition "syringolin A inhibits plant proteasome" http://tinyurl.com/lhdkrd 1:53 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Silke Kloppholz winner of the best poster "a putative novel effector in AM fungi" http://tinyurl.com/lhdkrd 1:50 PM Sep 16th from Tweetie

William Deakin: Type 3 Secretion System in Rhizobium has beneficial effect in some plants but is detrimental in others, 5-6 effectors 11:39 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Natalia Requena: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices secretes a diffusible molecule that induces plant (Medicago) genes 11:13 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Natalia Requena: Glomus intraradices secreted protein SK7 has functional nuclear localization site, enhances mycorrhizal colonization 11:08 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Natalia Requena: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices secretes proteins with nuclear localization sites 11:07 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

F Martin: Genome of perigord truffle Tuber melanosporum is highly expanded, very rich in transposons and repeats but only 7500 genes 10:45 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

F Martin: L bicolor MiSSP7 RNAi tranformants show reduced formation of mycorrhizal roots; DNA transformation of mycorrhizal fungus! 10:40 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Francis Martin: secreted protein MiSSP7 of mycorrhizal symbiont Laccaria bicolor accumulates at interface between fungus and plant 10:36 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Dick Hussey: expression of dsRNA derived from 16D10 effector in Arabidopsis results in resistance to root knot nematodes 9:35 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

D Hussey: nematode effectors mimic plant CLAVATA3 signaling peptide, complement clv3 mutant, may determine specificity on soybean 9:25 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Dick Hussey: nematodes deliver effector proteins inside plant cells using a stylet, effectors appear to traffic through membrane pore 9:14 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

P Birch: Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Avr3a binds and stabilizes plant E3 ubiquitin ligase CMPG1, mediates death suppression 8:37 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Paul Birch: Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Avr2 localizes to haustoria, Avr2 polymorphic, recognized by Solanum R2-like genes 8:27 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Brian Staskawicz: Arabidopsis PAMP receptor EFR enhances resistance to Xanthomonas in tomato (collaboration with Cyril Zipfel) 8:09 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Kearney and Staskawicz 1990 paper in Nature first showed that an avirulence gene (AvrBs2) contributes to pathogen fitness 7:51 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Nick Talbot introduces Brian Staskawicz who cloned the first avirulence gene 25 years ago http://tinyurl.com/lhdkrd 7:35 AM Sep 16th from Tweetie

Olivier Voinnet: Pseudomonas syringae T3SS effector HopT1-1 suppresses RNA silencing in plants, has GW motifs and may bind argonaute 12:05 PM Sep 15th from Tweetie

O Voinnet: Turnip Crinkle Virus effector protein P38 prevents siRNA loading by argonaute AGO1, mimics plant AGO binding proteins 11:54 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Olivier Voinnet: Plant virus protein P38 binds argonaute AGO1, carries GW motifs (enriched in G W and S T D E N K, poor in C H F Y) 11:51 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Brett Tyler: Infiltration of RXLR effector protein Avr1k into soybean leaves results in cell death only in plants carrying Rps1k 11:14 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Brett Tyler: RXLR-type effectors bind phospholipids PI4P, includes fungal effectors such as flax rust AvrL567 and L maculans AvrLm6 11:08 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

B Tyler: Effectors enter animal cells in absence of pathogen, by endocytosis?, fungal human pathogens also have RXLR-like motifs 11:02 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Brett Tyler: RXLR-type motifs occur in most fungal protein effectors, mediate uptake of GFP in soybean roots, no pathogen required 10:58 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Nick Talbot: Rice blast effector localization to BICs does not match localization of Snc1 v-SNARE, distinct secretory pathway? 9:27 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

L Ciufetti: P tritici-repentis ToxA causes ROS accumulation and necrosis by targeting ToxABP1, a chloroplast photosystem protein 8:43 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Lynda Ciufetti: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ToxA has high affinity receptor in wheat, ToxA RGD sequence required for translocation 8:26 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Barbara Valent: Rice blast fungus effectors move to neighboring cells ahead of fungus, cell to cell movement through plasmodesmata 8:10 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Barbara Valent: Fluorescence visualization of translocation of rice blast fungus effectors, assay to help reveal translocation motif 8:08 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

B Valent: Rice blast fungus secretes effectors at specific sites in invading hyphae, structure is BIC biotrophic interfacial complex 8:01 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Barbara Valent: Rice blast fungus sequentially invades living host cells, fills up epidermal cell in first 36 hours then moves on 7:46 AM Sep 15th from Tweetie

Jim Alfano: Pseudomonas syringae HopG1 effector localizes to plant mitochondria and alters plant development 3:58 PM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Jim Beynon: Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis genome reveals lack of genes involved in motility consistent with lack of zoospore stage 2:06 PM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Thierry Rouxel: L maculans AvrLm binds phospholipids and has RXLR-like motifs RYWT and RTLK; RYWT but not RTLK required for binding 1:44 PM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Thierry Rouxel: L maculans AT rich isochores are poor in genes; enriched in effector/virulence genes 1:40 PM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Thierry Rouxel: Genome plasticity in Leptosphaeria maculans- 34% repeats drove genome expansion; GC rich isochores are gene dense 1:34 PM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Stephane Duplessis: genome sequence of poplar rust Melampsora larici-populina - large families of secreted cys-rich protein families 11:59 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

U Bonas -THE CODE- one AvrBs3 effector repeat matches 1 base in DNA. Ex: HD amino acids in repeat match C in DNA, NI match A etc... 11:32 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Ulla Bonas -THE CODE- as presented at IC-MPMI: Two hypervariable amino acids in DNA binding effector AvrBs3 determine specificity 11:27 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Greg Martin: Pto evolved as a decoy for receptor like kinase Bti9 10:29 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Greg Martin: AvrPtoB targets tomato Bti9 Receptor like protein kinase (Cerk1 ortholog)- hairpin Bti9 is more susceptible to bacteria 10:27 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Greg Martin: tobacco "Rpa" protein recognizes AvrPto C-term domain - dependent on phosphorylation of Serine residues 147 and 149 10:13 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

D Guttman: P syringae HopZ1 (YopJ family) recognized by Arabidopsis NBS-LRR protein ZAR1 -found by screening 166 T-DNA knockout lines 8:55 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

David Guttman: Pseudomonas syringae glycinea strain UnB647 -AvPto1 effector defines specificity on kidney bean plants 8:49 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie

Stephane Genin: serial passaging Ralstonia solanacearum on different host plants followed by genome sequencing 8:25 AM Sep 14th from Tweetie